The shipping industry accounts for 2-3% of global greenhouse-gas emissions, with over 100,000 vessels using 270 million tonnesof fuel annually. Decarbonizing this sector is crucial for meeting global climate goals, as per the IMO's target of net-zero emissions by 2050. Strategies include enhancing operational efficiency, upgrading technology, and shifting to low-carbon and renewable fuels. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the most established alternative fuel, with record volumes in 2023 and another expected in 2024, while methanol is gaining popularity, highlighted by Maersk's methanol dual-fueled vessel at the Port of Antwerp-Bruges. Ammonia is also emerging as a marine fuel, with new bunkering projects, such as the one in Floro, Norway. While synthetic fuels have potential for net-zero emissions, they currently face cost challenges.

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